Using pulsar timing arrays and the quantum normalization condition to constrain relic gravitational waves

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	Using pulsar timing arrays and the quantum normalization condition to constrain relic gravitational waves
	Tong, M. L.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, W.; Liu, J. Z.; Zhao, C. S.; Yang, T. G.
	2014
发表期刊	CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY
ISSN	0264-9381
卷号	31 期号:3
摘要	In the non-standard model of relic gravitational waves (RGWs) generated in the early universe, the theoretical spectrum is mainly described by an amplitude r and a spectral index beta, the latter usually being determined by the slope of the inflaton potential. Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) data have imposed constraints on the amplitude of strain spectrum for a power-law form as a phenomenological model. Applying these constraints to a generic, theoretical spectrum with r and beta as independent parameters, we convert the PTAs constraint into an upper bound on the index beta, which turns out to be less stringent than those upper bounds from the Big Bang nucleosynthesis, cosmic microwave background and LIGO/VIRGO, respectively. Moreover, it is found that PTAs constrain the nonstandard RGWs more stringently than the standard RGWs. If the condition of the quantum normalization is imposed upon a theoretical spectrum of RGWs, r and beta become related. With this condition, a minimum requirement of the horizon size during inflation is greater than the Planck length that results in an upper bound on beta, which is comparable in magnitude to that by PTAs. When both PTAs and the quantum normalization are applied to a theoretical spectrum of RGWs, constraints can be obtained for other cosmic processes of the early universe, such as the reheating, a process less understood observationally so far. The resulting constraint is consistent with the slow-roll, massive scalar inflation model. The future square kilometer array will be able to constrain RGWs further and might even detect RGWs, rendering an important probe to the very early universe.
部门归属	守时理论与方法研究室
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://210.72.145.45/handle/361003/7401
专题	守时理论与方法研究室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Tong, M. L.,Zhang, Y.,Zhao, W.,et al. Using pulsar timing arrays and the quantum normalization condition to constrain relic gravitational waves[J]. CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY,2014,31(3).
APA	Tong, M. L.,Zhang, Y.,Zhao, W.,Liu, J. Z.,Zhao, C. S.,&Yang, T. G..(2014).Using pulsar timing arrays and the quantum normalization condition to constrain relic gravitational waves.CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY,31(3).
MLA	Tong, M. L.,et al."Using pulsar timing arrays and the quantum normalization condition to constrain relic gravitational waves".CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY 31.3(2014).

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